ABSTRACT
introduction: Tympanosclerosis is an anatomoclinical entity which causes thickening and fusion of collagenous fibers intoa homogenous mass with final deposition of scattered intracellular and extracellular calcium and phosphate crystals in thesubepithelial tissue of tympanic membrane and middle ear structure.Aim: This study aims to study the incidence of tympanosclerosis in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) patients.Materials and Methods: Patients with CSOM admitted for surgery were subjected to detailed ENT examination and investigationwhich included otoscopy, tuning fork tests with 256, 512, and 1024 Hz, free-field hearing, pure tone audiometry, X-ray mastoids,and computed tomography (CT) temporal bone. CT temporal bone can be used to determine the extent of disease in the middleear and ossicles fixation.Results: In 62 patients with CSOM, the incidence of tympanosclerosis was found to be 17.7% (11 cases). In patients withtympanosclerosis, the lesions were confined to tympanic membrane alone in 72% (8 cases) while the involvement of bothtympanic membrane and middle ear was found in 18% (2 cases). In tympanosclerosis, 9% (1 case) had an AB gap of <20 dB,63.6% (7 cases).Conclusion: Tympanosclerosis is long-term sequelae of CSOM. The hearing loss associated with tympanosclerosis was ofthe conductive type in the majority of cases.
ABSTRACT
Left atrioventricular orifice of heart is guarded by bicuspid Mitral valve. It is affected much in comparison toother heart valves in Rheumatic Heart Disease. Anatomy of this complex structure is altered in many pathologicalconditions and may require repair or replacement. The purpose of the study is to analyze its morphology andmorphometry by conventional dissection method. Formalin fixed 20 adult heart specimens were collectedirrespective of sex from Department of Anatomy, Govt. Tirunelveli Medical College,Tirunelveli. In this study theheight and length of anterior leaflet was between 7.16 mm – 22.31mm and 12mm – 65.87 mm respectively. Theheight and length of posterior leaflet was between 5.40mm – 21.5mm and 10.90mm – 59.95mm respectively.Orifice circumference of mitral orifice is 6.2 to 10.5cm. Anterior leaflet were larger than the posterior leaflets.The results are correlated with other studies and concluded about its morphometry. This will help in multimodalityimaging assessment and in planning surgery which may be either repair or replacement
ABSTRACT
Background: Superficial Palmar Arch (SPA) is an arterial arcade usually formed by the continuation of ulnarartery and the superficial branch of radial artery. Variations can occur in the vessels contributing to the formationof SPA. Knowledge of such variations will be very much helpful to microvascular surgeons, plastic surgeons andorthopaedicians to bring a better outcome in their surgical procedures. Also, it will be useful to the cardiovascularsurgeons to carryout radial artery harvesting procedures for the purpose of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Themain objective is to study the different patterns of formation of the superficial palmar arch with an emphasis ontheir clinical importance.Materials and methods: This study was done in 40 upper limb specimens from 20 embalmed human adultcadavers at the Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College, Chennai. In every upper limb specimen, the palmwas dissected as per the steps described in the Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy. The SuperficialPalmar Arch was exposed and the vessels taking part in its formation were studied. Variations in the formationof Superficial Palmar Arch were noted and analysed.Results: Out of 40 specimens, the Superficial Palmar arch was found to be complete in 29 specimens (72.5%) andincomplete in 11 specimens (27.5%).Conclusion: Information about the different patterns in the formation of the Superficial Palmar Arch will beextremely useful for hand surgeons, microvascular surgeons, plastic surgeons and orthopaedicians to bring outa successful and beneficial postoperative outcome. Awareness about these variations will also help in appropriateinterpretation of investigations prior to radial artery harvesting for the purpose of Coronary Artery BypassGrafting.